Specyficzna rekrutacja regulatorowych limfocytów T w raku jajnika
Daltonmai 21, 20210 Comments
Płynny mannequin mozaiki struktury błon komórkowych.
Este prezentat un mannequin de mozaic fluid pentru organizarea și structura brută a proteinelor și lipidelor membranelor biologice. Modelul este în concordanță cu restricțiile impuse de termodinamică. În acest mannequin, proteinele care fac parte integrantă din membrană sunt un set eterogen de molecule globulare, fiecare dispuse într-o structură amfipatică, adică cu grupările ionice și extrem de polare care ies din membrană în faza apoasă și grupurile nepolare. în mare măsură îngropat în interiorul hidrofob al membranei. Aceste molecule globulare sunt parțial încorporate într-o matrice de fosfolipide. Cea mai mare parte a fosfolipidelor este organizată ca un strat strat discontinuu, fluid, deși o mică parte a lipidei poate interacționa în mod particular cu proteinele de membrană.
Structura mozaicului fluid este, prin urmare, în mod formal similară cu o soluție bidimensională orientată de proteine integrale (sau lipoproteine) în solventul bistrat cu fosfolipide vâscoase. Sunt descrise experimente recente cu o mare varietate de tehnici și mai multe sisteme de membrană diferite, toate acestea fiind compatibile cu modelul mozaicului fluid și îi adaugă multe detalii. Prin urmare, pare adecvat să sugerăm posibile mecanisme pentru diferite funcții ale membranei și fenomene mediate de membrană în lumina modelului. Ca exemple, sunt sugerate mecanisme testabile experimental pentru modificările suprafeței celulare în transformarea malignă și pentru efectele de cooperare prezentate în interacțiunile membranelor cu unii liganzi specifici.
Notă adăugată în dovadă: De când a fost scris acest articol, am obținut dovezi microscopice electronice (69) conform cărora situsurile de legare a concanavalinei A pe membranele fibroblastelor de șoarece transformate de virusul SV40 ( celule 3T3 ) sunt mai grupate decât siturile de pe membranele celule normale , după cum se prezice prin ipoteza reprezentată în Fig. 7B. A apărut și un studiu realizat de Taylor și colab. (70) care arată efectele remarcabile produse asupra limfocitelor prin adăugarea de anticorpi direcționați către moleculele lor de imunoglobulină de suprafață.
Anticorpii induc o redistribuire și pinocitoză a acestor imunoglobuline de suprafață, astfel încât în aproximativ 30 de minute la 37 de grade C imunoglobulinele de suprafață sunt complet măturate din membrană. Aceste efecte nu apar, totuși, dacă anticorpii bivalenți sunt înlocuiți cu fragmentele lor Fab univalente sau dacă experimentele de anticorpi sunt efectuate la zero grade C în loc de 37 grade C.
Aceste și rezultatele conexe indică cu tărie că anticorpii bivalenți produc o agregare a moleculelor de imunoglobulină de suprafață în planul membranei, care pot apărea numai dacă moleculele de imunoglobulină sunt libere să difuzeze în membrană . Această agregare atuncipare să declanșeze pinocitoza componentelor membranei printr-un mecanism necunoscut. Astfel de transformări de membrană pot avea o importanță crucială în inducerea unui răspuns de anticorp la un antigen, precum și iv alte procese de diferențiere celulară .
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TARGATT? Knock-in Mouse Cell Line Generation Kit (Master Cell Line)
Description: The 293AAV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase AAV production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293AD Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase adenovirus production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293LTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase lentiviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293RTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase retroviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Tyrosine protein kinase Lck(LCK) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Tyrosine protein kinase Lck(LCK) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Tyrosine protein kinase Lck(LCK) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Gene Knock-Out HR Targeting Vector w/Dual Selection Markers (GFP+Puro) and Negative Selection (TK) Against Random Integration
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human p56lck / LCK (clone Lck-01). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone Lck-01. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, ICC, IP, Flo
Description: Lck Inhibitor is a small-molecule inhibitor of with IC50 value of 7 nM [1].The lymphocyte specific kinase which expressed in NK cells and T-cells is a member of the Src kinase family.
Description: Lck Inhibitor is a small-molecule inhibitor of with IC50 value of 7 nM [1].The lymphocyte specific kinase which expressed in NK cells and T-cells is a member of the Src kinase family.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF, IP; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200, IP:1:200-1:2000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LCK. Recognizes LCK from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/5000
Sierocy receptor jądrowy RORgammat kieruje programem różnicowania prozapalnych komórek pomocniczych IL-17 + T.
IL-17-T producătoare de limfocite au fost current dovedit a cuprinde o descendență distinctă de T helper proinflamatorii celule , numite Th17 celule , care sunt o contributie majora la boli autoimune. Arătăm aici că receptorul nuclear orfan RORgammat este factorul cheie de transcripție care orchestrează diferențierea acestei linii de celule efectoare . RORgammat induce transcripția genelor care codifică IL-17 și IL-citokina înrudit 17F în naivi CD4 (+) T helper celule și este necesar pentru exprimarea lor ca răspuns la IL-6 și TGF-beta, citokinele cunoscute de a induce IL- 17.
Celulele Th17 sunt prezente în mod constitutiv în toată lamina propria intestinală, exprimă RORgammat și sunt absente la șoareci cu deficit de RORgammat sau IL-6. Șoarecii cu celule T cu deficit de RORgammat au boli autoimune atenuate și nu au celule Th17 care se infiltrează în țesuturi . Împreună, aceste studii sugerează că RORgammat este un regulator cheie al homeostaziei imune și evidențiază potențialul său ca țintă terapeutică în bolile inflamatorii.
Specyficzna rekrutacja regulatorowych limfocytów T w raku jajnika sprzyja przywilejowi immunologicznemu i pozwala przewidzieć skrócenie czasu przeżycia.
T de reglementare (T (REG)) Celulele mediază toleranță periferică homeostatic prin suprimarea T autoreactive celule . Nerespectarea imunității antitumorale gazdă poate fi cauzată de supresia exagerată antigen reactive asociate tumorii limfocite mediate de T (REG) celule ; Cu toate acestea, dovezi definitive care (REG) T celule au un rol imunopatologice in cancerul uman este lipsit. Aici ne arată, în studii detaliate ale CD4 (+) CD25 (+) FOXP3 (+) T (REG) celule in 104 persoane afectate cu carcinom ovarian, tumoarea umană T (REG) celule suprima T-tumorale specifice celulei imunitate și contribuie la creșterea tumorilor umane in vivo.
De asemenea, arătăm că celulele T (reg) tumorale sunt asociate cu un risc crescut de deces și supraviețuire redusă. Celulele T (reg) umane se deplasează și se acumulează preferențial în tumori și ascită, dar rareori intră în ganglionii limfatici care drenează în stadiile ulterioare ale cancerului.
Celulele tumorale și macrofagele microambientale produc chemokina CCL22, care mediază traficul de celule T (reg) către tumoră. Această recrutare specifică a celulelor T (reg) reprezintă un mecanism prin care tumorile pot favoriza privilegiul imunitar. Astfel, blocarea migrației sau funcției celulelor T (reg) poate ajuta la înfrângerea cancerului uman.
Przywracanie funkcji wyczerpanych limfocytów T CD8 podczas przewlekłej infekcji wirusowej
Afectarea funcțională a celulelor T specifice antigenului este o caracteristică definitorie a multor infecții cronice, dar mecanismele de bază ale disfuncției celulelor T nu sunt bine înțelese. Pentru a rezolva această problemă, am analizat genele exprimate in afectarea useful virus-specific T CD8 celule prezente la șoarecii infectați cronic cu virusul coriomeningitei limfocitare (LCMV) și a comparat aceste cu profilul genetic al T CD8 memorie functionale celule .
Aici raportăm că PD-1 (moartea programată 1; cunoscut și sub numele de Pdcd1) a fost selectiv reglat în sus de celulele T epuizate și că administrarea in vivo a anticorpilor care a blocat interacțiunea acestui receptor inhibitor cu ligandul său, PD-L1 (cunoscut și ca B7-H1), a îmbunătățit răspunsurile celulelor T.
In particular, am constatat ca , chiar si la soareci persistent infectate care au fost lipsite de celule CD4 T de celule de ajutor, blocarea PD-1 / PD-L1 cale de inhibare a avut un efect benefic asupra „neajutorat“ T CD8 celule , restabilind capacitatea lor de a suferi proliferare , secretă citokine, ucid celulele infectate și scad încărcătura virală. Blocarea căii inhibitoare a CTLA-4 ( proteina Four asociată cu limfocitele T citotoxice ) nu a avut niciun efect nici asupra funcției celulelor T , nici asupra controlului viral. Aceste studii identifică un mecanism particular de epuizare a celulelor T și definesc o strategie imunologică potențial eficientă pentru tratamentul infecțiilor virale cronice.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against GZMA. Recognizes GZMA from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, IF, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against GZMA. Recognizes GZMA from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against GZMA. Recognizes GZMA from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Gzma. Recognizes Gzma from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:5000
Description: The 293AAV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase AAV production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293AD Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase adenovirus production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293LTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase lentiviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293RTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase retroviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
Description: Description of target: Granzyme A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GZMA gene. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface "nonself" antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. GZMA induces caspase-independent apoptosis in a characteristic manner, except it causes a distinctive form of DNA damage: single-stranded DNA nicking. A target of GZMA is the SET complex, including HMGB2 and ANP32A.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml
Description: Description of target: Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.055 ng/mL
Description: Description of target: Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 5.7pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 0.055ng/mL
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Gzma. Recognizes Gzma from Mouse. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Gzma. Recognizes Gzma from Mouse. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Gzma. Recognizes Gzma from Mouse. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human granzyme A (GZMA) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human granzyme A (GZMA) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme A (GZMA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme A (GZMA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme A (GZMA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme A (GZMA) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Granzyme A (GZMA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-E cells contain gag, pol and env genes, allowing retroviral packaging with a single plasmid transfection.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-A cells contain gag, pol and env genes, allowing retroviral packaging with a single plasmid transfection.
Description: Conventional cells used for retrovirus packaging, such as those based on NIH3T3 cells, have limited stability and produce relatively low yields of retrovirus, mainly due to the poor expression of retroviral structure proteins (gag, pol and env) in the cells. The Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines are based on the 293T cell line. They exhibit longer stability and produce higher yields of retroviral structure proteins. Plat-GP cells contain the gag and pol genes required for retroviral packaging; an expression vector is co-transfected with a VSVG envelope vector.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Granzyme A from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Description of target: Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.1 ng/mL
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human GZMA (internal region). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: Description of target: Abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T-cells and NK-cells which activates caspase-independent cell death with morphological features of apoptosis when delivered into the target cell through the immunological synapse. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET after 'Lys-189', which disrupts its nucleosome assembly activity and allows the SET complex to translocate into the nucleus to nick and degrade the DNA.;Species reactivity: Bovine;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.05 ng/mL
Description: Description of target: Abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T-cells and NK-cells which activates caspase-independent cell death with morphological features of apoptosis when delivered into the target cell through the immunological synapse. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET after 'Lys-189', which disrupts its nucleosome assembly activity and allows the SET complex to translocate into the nucleus to nick and degrade the DNA. ;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 35 pg/mL
